Virtual Reality Output Devices (non-visual)

Edwin Gibbons

1) 3-D Audio

From a sound you know that ... seeing with your ears

• echo / reverb
• room size
• unseen sound sources
• material, surface texture, surface hardness

How do we localize sound? - 8 cues

• Interaural time difference
• Head Shadow
• Pinna response
• Shoulder echo
• Head movement
• Early echo response / reverb
• Vision

Aside - sound recording

• Mono, Stereo, Biaural
• Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF)



• Convolution - early days (1992)



• Problems

Sound Rendering -> sound tracing

Spatial sound - problems

Applications and summary

2) Tactile and Force Feedback devices

What and Why?

Motion Platforms

"Virtual Reality" mouse (- NOT really VR!)

Gloves - several feedbacks

ExoSkeletons

GROPE, PER handcontroller

MagLev Haptic

Phantom

Butlers

SandPaper system

Teletach Command

3) Olfactory Feedback

What is it?

Early interest

Difficulties

Commercial product (are they real?)

Finis - Question time?

Lecture notes and references (at the end)

Created on ... September 12, 2002